pyqt基本操作(三）
Python-pyqt pyqt

对话框

PyQT提供基本的消息框和标准对话框。在PyQt也可以根据需要创建自定义的对话框。

使用PyQt提供的类和方法可以创建和使用消息框、标准对话框等。标准对话框包含基本的打开，关闭，字体选择对话框和颜色选择对话框等。

消息框

使用QtGui.QMessageBox类中的方法可以创建简单的消息框，用于向用户传递信息。QtGui.QMessageBox类中包含一下方法： 　 about():创建关于消息框 aboutQt(): 创建关于Qt消息框 critical():　创建错误处理对话框 infomation():　创建信息消息框 question(): 创建询问消息框 warning(): 创建警告消息框

以下是示例：

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#!/usr/bin/env python
#*-* coding=utf-8 *-*

import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore

class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super(MyWindow, self).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle("Lpb_i")
        self.resize(300, 200)

        gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()  # 创建布局组件

        self.label = QtGui.QLabel('MessBox example')
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.label, 1, 3, 1, 3)  #添加标签
        self.button1 = QtGui.QPushButton("About")   # 生成button1
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button1, 2, 1)    # 添加button到布局组件
        self.button2 = QtGui.QPushButton("AboutQt") # 生成button2
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button2, 2, 2)
        self.button3 = QtGui.QPushButton("Critical")
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button3, 2, 3)
        self.button4 = QtGui.QPushButton("Info")
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button4 ,2, 4)
        self.button5 = QtGui.QPushButton("Question")
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button5, 2, 5)
        self.button6 = QtGui.QPushButton("warning")
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button6, 2, 6)
        spacer = QtGui.QSpacerItem(200, 80)

        gridlayout.addItem(spacer, 3, 1, 1, 5)
        self.setLayout(gridlayout) # 向窗口中添加布局组件

                         self.connect(self.button1,
            QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.Onbutton1)  # button1事件
        self.connect(self.button2,
            QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.Onbutton2)
        self.connect(self.button3,
            QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.Onbutton3)
        self.connect(self.button4,
            QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.Onbutton4)
        self.connect(self.button5,
            QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.Onbutton5)
        self.connect(self.button6,
            QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.Onbutton6)

    def Onbutton1(self):  # button1插槽函数
        self.button1.setText('clicked')
        QtGui.QMessageBox.about(self, 'pyQt', 'About') # 创建About消息框

    def Onbutton2(self):
        self.button2.setText('clicked')
        QtGui.QMessageBox.aboutQt(self, "PyQt")

    def Onbutton3(self):
        self.button3.setText('clicked')
        r = QtGui.QMessageBox.critical(self, "PyQt",
            "Critical", QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort,
            QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry,
            QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore)
        if r == QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort:
            self.setWindowTitle("Abort")
        elif r == QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry:
            self.setWindowTitle("Retry")
        else:
            self.setWindowTitle("Ignore")

    def Onbutton4(self):
        self.button4.setText('clicked')
        QtGui.QMessageBox.information(self, "Pyqt", "information")

    def Onbutton5(self):
        self.button5.setText('clicked')
        r = QtGui.QMessageBox.question(self, "PyQt",
            "Question",
            QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes,
            QtGui.QMessageBox.No,
            QtGui.QMessageBox.Cancel)

    def Onbutton6(self):
        self.button6.setText('clicked')
        r = QtGui.QMessageBox.warning(self, "PyQT",
            'warning',
            QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes,
            QtGui.QMessageBox.No)

app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
win = MyWindow()
win.show()
app.exec_()

运行效果：

标准对话框

PyQt使用QtGui.QFileDialog提供的方法可以创建文件打开、关闭对话框。使用QtGui.QFontDialog可以创建文章选择对话框，使用QtGui.QColorDialog可以创建颜色选择对话框。 其中QtGui.QFileDialog: getExistingDirectory(): 创建选取路径对话框 getOpenFileName(): 创建打开文件对话框 getOpenFileNames(): 创建打开文件对话框，可以同时打开多个文件 getSaveFileNmae(): 创建保存文件对话框

对于QtGui.QFontDialog,静态方法只有getFont,创建字体选择对话框。QtGui.QColorDialog，可以使用getColor创建颜色选择对话框。

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#!/usr/bin/env python
#*-* coding=utf-8 *-*

import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore

class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super(MyWindow, self).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle("Lpb_i")
        self.resize(300, 200)

        gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()
        self.label = QtGui.QLabel('StandarDialog example')
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.label, 1, 2)

        self.button1 = QtGui.QPushButton("File")  # 生成button1
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button1, 2, 1)
        self.button2 = QtGui.QPushButton("Font") # 生成button2
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button2, 2, 2)
        self.button3 = QtGui.QPushButton("Color")
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button3, 2, 3)
        spacer = QtGui.QSpacerItem(200, 80)
        gridlayout.addItem(spacer, 3,1,1,3)
        self.setLayout(gridlayout)  # 向窗口添加布局组件

        self.connect(self.button1, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton1)
        self.connect(self.button2, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton2)
        self.connect(self.button3, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton3)

    def OnButton1(self):
        self.button1.setText('clicked')
        filename = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open') # 创建文件打开对话框
        if not filename.isEmpty():
            self.label.setText(filename)

    def OnButton2(self):
        self.button2.setText('clicked')
        font, ok = QtGui.QFontDialog.getFont()  # 创建字体选择对话框
        if ok:
            self.label.setText(font.key())

    def OnButton3(self):
        self.button3.setText('clicked')
        color = QtGui.QColorDialog.getColor() # 创建颜色选择对话框
        if color.isValid():
            self.label.setText(color.name())

app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
win = MyWindow()
win.show()
app.exec_()

运行效果：

自定义对话框

通过继承QtGui.QDialog类可以创建自定义的对话框。所创建的对话框和窗口一样，可以向其添加组件。使用connect方法响应组件时间。

自定义对话框例子：

#coding=utf-8
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore

class MyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):
    def __init__( self ):
        super( MyDialog, self ).__init__()

        self.gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()

        self.label = QtGui.QLabel( "Input:" )
        self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.label, 0, 0)
        self.textField = QtGui.QLineEdit()     #　创建单行文本框
        self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.textField, 0,1) # 添加文本框到布局组件
        self.okButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "OK" )  # 创建OK按钮
        self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.okButton, 1,0)   #添加按钮到布局组件　　
        self.cancelButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Cancel" ) # 创建cancel按钮
        self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.cancelButton, 1, 1)
        self.setLayout(self.gridlayout)

        self.connect( self.okButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnOk )
        self.connect( self.cancelButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnCancel )

    def OnOk( self ):
        self.text = self.textField.text()  # 获取文本框中的内容
        self.done( 1 )                 # 结束对话框返回１

    def OnCancel( self ):
        self.done( 0 )


class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):
    def __init__( self ):

        super( Window, self ).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle( "Lpb-i" )
        self.resize( 300, 200 )

        gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()
        self.creatDialogButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Create a new Dialog" ) #生成button
        gridlayout.addWidget( self.creatDialogButton, 1, 1)
        self.setLayout(gridlayout)

        self.connect( self.creatDialogButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButton )

    def OnButton(self):
        dialog = MyDialog()
        r = dialog.exec_()
        if r:
            self.creatDialogButton.setText( dialog.text )


app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )
win = Window()
win.show()
app.exec_()

运行效果：

资源文件

Qt中资源文件是以'.ui'为后缀的文件。Qt提供Qt Designer用于创建资源文件。使用Qt Designer创建的资源文件可以在pyqt中使用。使用资源文件可以简化界面设计，也可以将界面和代码分离，提高程序的可维护性。

示例

    #coding=utf-8
    import sys
    from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore, uic

    class MyDialog(QtGui.QDialog):
        def __init__(self):
            QtGui.QDialog.__init__(self)
            uic.loadUi("res.ui", self)    # 载入资源文件

    class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget):
        def __init__( self ):
            super( MyWindow, self ).__init__()
            self.setWindowTitle( "Lpb_i" )
            self.resize( 300, 200 )

            gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()  # 创建布局组件
            self.button = QtGui.QPushButton("CreateDialog") # 生成button1
            gridlayout.addWidget(self.button, 1, 1)
        self.setLayout(gridlayout)

        self.connect(self.button,
            QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'),
            self.OnButton)

    def OnButton(self):
        dialog = MyDialog()
        r = dialog.exec_();
        if r:
            self.button.setText(dialog.lineEdit.text())

app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
demo = MyWindow()
demo.show()
app.exec_()

by 李鹏